freedom of speech l liberty l democracy l solidarity l spirituality

SPIRITUALITY

When Napoleon Bonaparte asked Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749 -1827) the place of "God" in his equations of the celestial mechanics of the Solar system, the latter replied his theories had no need for "that hypothesis".

In the West, for the sake of liberty, and as a reaction against millennia of fideist, atavistic politics, state and church were finally divorced. What a tremendous achievement !

For Montesquieu (1689 - 1755), in order to confuse & defuse any attempt of a minority to devise a legal "coup d'Etat", the secular state must be ruled by the separation of powers. It must be in the vital interest of each independent power to maintain the institutional functioning embodied by the state (as ultimate "abstract" intersubjectivity).

In this laic state, binding all persons on its territory equally and expecting a sense of fair citizenship, the politicians are not controlled by religious potentates. Indeed, religious dogma no longer rules, and the despotism of the church(es), the "holy" inquisition, the deprivation of the right to decide, the chaining of the free will, the contempt for the individual, the censorship, the double talk, the subjugation of women & minorities, the persecution of other faiths, etc. were overcome, positing modern (postmodern, hypermodern) Western culture and its democratic, multicultural, plural & rational mentalities (cf. ecology & human rights).

Secular states and their dignitaries operate without the Divine. In secular thought, nobody is entitled to monopolize religion. Only an independent state guarantees the freedom of religion, and vice versa. Secularization embraces this freedom. Like art and the freedom of speech, faith receives its own domain, outside the political arena of direct, executive power.

However, religious political parties, religious inspirations and religious lobby work remain part of the order of the day, as are praying & blessing politicians ...

Atheism is not outlawed, but protected by law.

For skeptics, the Divine cannot be a reference. Infinity may be rediculed or neglected, but never halted. Spirituality, or man's emancipation towards and direct experience of the Divine, cannot be reduced to wishful thinking (Feuerbach), social addiction (Lenin) or sublimation (Freud).

The mystics with their Visio Dei experimentalis testify of another perspective (Bergson, Otto, Eliade).

Whether the Divine exists or not, is something each human being is called to find out. No preparation is sufficient. No preparation is useless. If the Divine exists, then It, He or She is surely able to answer an earnest desire ...

In a critical science, the Divine is symbolized and its experience studied. The spiritual function is part of our human constitution and interconnected with sensation, affection, cognition, volition & consciousness.

Hypothesis : despite Laplace's mechanistic view, to truly excell in liberty, democracy and solidarity, spirituality must be part of the equation.